This query will give the results you seem to want:
SELECT
P.InstitutionID,
P.AccountNumberKey,
Total = C.Value1 + C.Value2
FROM
Parent P
INNER JOIN (
SELECT DISTINCT AccountNumberKey, Value1, Value2
FROM Child
) C ON P.AccountNumberKey = C.AccountNumberKey
But I want to echo what others have said: if you can do anything
about the design, you should, because it is not normalized. Value1 and
Value2 from your Child table really belong in the Parent table, as they
are about the Parent. What if two rows in the Child table have a
different set of Values for the same AccountNumberKey? Your data would
be all wrong and who knows what sort of possibly disastrous consequences
that could have for the business? The DISTINCT above would fail in this
case and return two rows for the Parent row.