SharePoint - how to configure sharepoint development environment?

Hi,

i am new in sharepoint.
i have installed sharepoint server 2010 in my server machine.
i need to build a custom web part using c# for sharepoint.
but when we start working on sharepoint empty project, message appears that you have not installed sharepoint server on your machine.

my question is, can we start development of sharepoint using visual studio without sharepoint server 2010.

thanks,
Alok