The problem turned out to be that a setting, uploadreadaheadsize,
is defaulted to 48kb. This is not big enough for the website to read in
the entire header when a CAC certificate is added to it. To fix the
problem I completed the following steps.
1. Start->Run-> runas /user:Administrator cmd
cd c:\Windows\systems32\inetsrv
2. appcmd.exe set config -section:system.webServer/serverRuntime /uploadReadAheadSize:"200000000" /commit:apphost
This updates IIS to ensure it can read all the data in the headers.
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